Aversion Therapy Essays - 663 Words

Sigfried McGee PSY331: Psychology of Learning Nina Dulabaum Community Treatment Programs May, 2013 â€Å"The aversion therapy is considered a type of psychological treatment, where patients will be exposed to different types of stimulus and at the same time it will experience some type of discomfort (Lieberman, 2012).†This treatment is based on the principles of classical conditioning; using classical conditioning to get rid of addictions or unwanted behaviours. Patient’s unwanted addiction is paired with a drug that makes them sick. â€Å"Aversion therapy can be used with alcoholics. Alcohol is paired with an emetic drug (a drug which causes nausea and vomiting). Over time the alcoholic associate’s alcohol with being sick and does not†¦show more content†¦In some instances, the client may return to previous patterns of behavior once they are out of treatment and no longer exposed to the deterrent (Cherry).† Aversion therapy uses the behavioral approach principles that new behavior can be learnt in order to overcome addictions, obsession. Because everyone responds differently to alcohol abuse treatment, no single type of treatment is guaranteed to be effective for everyone. Alcohol abuse aversion treatment is a means of helping the addict to not want to use alcohol because they have learned how to associate negative experiences with the use of alcohol. Certain medications can also be used to cause such negative effects making aversion therapy even more effective. This particular behavioral therapy works on the principle that all behavior is learned. It follows, then, that if all behavior is learned then it can be unlearned. Some clinicians have reported that patients undergoing aversive treatment utilizing electric shocks have experienced increased anxiety and anxiety-related symptoms that may interfere with the conditioning process as well as lead to decreased acceptance of the treatment. Few clinicians have reported a worrisome increase in hostility among patients receiving aversion therapy, especially those undergoing treatment using chemical aversants. Although aversion therapy has someShow MoreRelatedTaste Aversion Therapy1038 Words   |  4 PagesTaste aversion therapy is where an aversive stimulus is associated with an unwanted behaviour to therefore extinguish it. One of its primary principles is that all types of behaviour is learned and therefore any undesirable behaviour can be unlearned, with the appropriate method (Aversion Therapy, 2014). The experiment produced by Dale S. Cannon, Antonio Gino, Timothy B. Baker and Peter E. Nathan (1986), evaluated the relationship between the strength o f the taste aversion and the abstinence rateRead MoreThe Effects Of Aversion Therapy On A Person s Behavior1335 Words   |  6 PagesHomosexuality is when a person is sexually, emotionally or romantically attracted to the same sex. For a long time it was seen as a sin, but then society started to perceive it as a mental illness that could be cured. This cure was called Aversion therapy. Aversion Therapy is a form of psychological treatment that modifies a person’s behaviour. It involves forcing discomfort on a person when they are doing an unwanted behaviour goal is to make the individual associate the stimulus with unlikable or painfulRead MoreAversion Therapy Is A Method Of Treatment Used For Treat, Decrease, And Evidentially2897 Words   |  12 Pages AVERSION THERAPY Chad Rowe Mississippi College Child Abuse Investigation AJU432 AO/OL Pamela Spence July 2, 2015 Abstract Aversion Therapy is a method of treatment used to treat, decrease, and evidentially try to eliminate intolerable behaviors. This form of treatment has been used to treat many different addictions and ailments. There are multiple methods used in Aversion Therapy treatment. The study of Aversion TherapyRead MoreIs A Phobia Is An Anxiety Disorder?863 Words   |  4 Pagesremains as the conditioned response. In the case of the food association, a classically conditioned dislike for (and avoidance of) a particular food can develop when becoming ill after eating a certain food. This phenomenon is called developing a taste aversion. Naturally, the brain associates the food with becoming sick, so the body avoids the food in hopes to bypass the sickness. In one example, a patient who consumes a strawberry before undergoing a chemotherapy treatment has their body identify theRead MoreClassical Conditioning1770 Words   |  8 Pagesradiation therapy to kill cancer cells this theory is proven. There are two very unfortunate side effects of these types of treatment; first, the treatments make the patients ill and second they gradually make the patient anorexic. The patient develops a food aversion slowly over the course of the therapy. Doctors have yet to understand why this happens when often the aversion is developed towards foods that are long time favorites of the patients. This is referred to as conditioned taste aversion (GarciaRead MoreThe Occupation Of Gardening And Its Therapeutic Benefits For Children5855 Words   |  24 Pagesgardening, and its fulfilment of a human need, date back to 1500bc where archaeologists discovered ancient paintings of opulent gardens by the Egyptians (Cellauro 2015). Recognition of the benefits of g ardening as a therapeutic tool in occupational therapy date back to Hartwell (1933). It provides opportunities for social inclusion which is a central component in well-being (Grabbe et al 2013). As healthcare has developed over the last few hundred years so has the understanding that gardening is therapeuticRead MoreAutism Between Autism And Autism2229 Words   |  9 Pagesinitiating conversation, as well as impaired language or lack of a spoken language altogether. Children with autism also exhibit repetitive behaviors, such as hand flapping and rocking back and forth (Ockelford, 2013). Other common traits include an aversion to changes in routine and self-stimulation. Self-stimulation includes many of the repetitive behaviors seen in children with autism, as well as toe-walking, making unusual noises, and repeating words (Woliver, 2008). In understanding each of theseRead MoreAmaxophobia: Definition and Symptoms1141 Words   |  5 PagesGreek (meaning fear).2 Amaxophobia is a persistent, abnormal, and unwarranted fear of walking, despite conscious understanding by the phobic individual and reassurance by others that there is no danger. An extreme unwarranted fear and/ or physical aversion to walking.3 Causes: It is generally accepted that phobias arise from a combination of external events (traumatic events) and internal predisposition (heredity or genetic). Many specific phobias can be traced back to a specific triggering eventRead MoreSex Offenders1410 Words   |  6 Pagesproviders recognized that sex offenders evidenced had a high prevalence of cognitive distortions, or thought processes that allowed the offenders to neutralize their feelings of guilt and shame (Abel, 1989). No matter what setting that cognitive therapy is used in, its purpose is to focus on the way an individual thinks and to change any type of â€Å"thinking errors†. For our purposes, cognitive treatment is used in the correctional and community setting to help offenders think rationally and responsiblyRead MoreCase Review : Alcohol Use Disorder, Severe1847 Words   |  8 Pagesfactors that make up Dan’s individual and unique personal experience, an individualized and integrated therapeutic approach would be most beneficial. Utilizing motivational interviewing techniques, solutions-focused therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, as well as narrative therapy, while an eclectic mix of options, can all be utilized to form a cohesive treatment model that would enhance Dan’s chances for success. While Dan clearly recognizes the need for change, and has drawn connections between

Lucy by Jamaica Kincaid Essay - 1613 Words

My Journey into Discovering My True Self Jamaica Kincaid’s success as a writer was not easily attained as she endured struggles of having to often sleep on the floor of her apartment because she could not afford to buy a bed. She described herself as being a struggling writer, who did not know how to write, but sheer determination and a fortunate encounter with the editor of The New Yorker, William Shawn who set the epitome for her writing success. Ms. Kincaid was a West-Indian American writer who was the first writer and the first individual from her island of Antigua to achieve this goal. Her genre of work includes novelists, essayist, and a gardener. Her writing style has been described as having dreamlike repetition, emotional truth†¦show more content†¦She was so enthralled by the powerful and defiance nature of the main character Lucifer in one of the books, that the title of her book ‘Lucy ’derived from the name Lucifer. Like Kincaid, the character Lucy Josephine Potter; Potter being Kin caid’s given name at birth was born on a small island May 25, 1949. Kincaid was raised in a home with an overly protected mother, a stepfather and three brothers. Although she was very intelligent, Kincaid received no encouragement at home and because of this, her relationship with her mother remains very stagnant throughout her childhood and into adolescence. In ‘Lucy’ the character Lucy, an immigrant girl, leaves her home in the West Indies to come to America in order to reinvent herself and to discover her own identity. Her struggles for personal freedom and independence would require her complete disconnection from her family especially her mother. To do so, Lucy not only had to let go of her former identity, but she also has to void herself of the self-destruction and loneliness. Lucy’s liberation from the past is the key element to her finding her new self. That too will require her to mentally recolonized her past and present in a way she feels comfortable. The novel places Lucy at a cross road of culture and identities Antiguan and American. Upon arrival to America to work as an au pair for anShow MoreRelatedHeterosexuality And Sexuality In Lucy, By Jamaica Kincaid1734 Words   |  7 PagesIn this coming of age novel Lucy, by Jamaica Kincaid, a story is told of a young girl named Lucy as her life in America ch anges from what it was in the West Indies. Lucy struggles throughout the novel to find what exactly she desires. Drifting further and further from being similar to her mother. Lucy and her development throughout the novel are shown through her virginity, heterosexuality, and love as Kincaid forces questioning upon what is sexual normality. How one can feel trapped under sexualRead MoreThe Bell Jar, by Sylvia Path and Lucy, by Jamaica Kincaid1837 Words   |  8 Pagescertain way, some young women went against the cult of the true woman hood not only to be different, but to escape he physical, emotional, and psychological abuse that they will or have encountered. In novels, The Bell Jar, by Sylvia Path and Lucy, by Jamaica Kincaid both young women have the similarity to rebel against the cult of true women hood but do it in many different ways. In the novel, The Bell Jar, by Sylvia Plath the protagonist is named Esther Greenwood. Through the book Esther wonders ifRead MoreEssay on The Mother-Daughter Relationship in Lucy by Jamaica Kincaid1452 Words   |  6 Pagesrelationship is a common topic throughout many of Jamaica Kincaids novels. It is particularly prominent in Annie John, Lucy, and Autobiography of my Mother. This essay however will explore the mother-daughter relationship in Lucy. Lucy tells the story of a young woman who escapes a West Indian island to North America to work as an au pair for Mariah and Lewis, a young couple, and their four girls. As in her other books—especially Annie John—Kincaid uses the mother-daughter relationship as a meansRead MoreThe Reluctant Fundamentalist By Mohsin Hamid And Lucy By Jamaica Kincaid Essay1650 Words   |  7 Pagesof arrogance and/or ignorance. In the novels The Reluctant Fundamentalist by Mohsin Hamid and Lucy by Jamaica Kincaid, the authors address thi s idea. Both Hamid and Kincaid utilize interactions between wealthy Americans and immigrants to demonstrate how wealthy American’s arrogance or ignorance alienates non-Americans. Whereas Hamid uses Changez primarily focus on the effects of arrogance, Kincaid uses Lucy as a critical observer of the effects of ignorance. In Hamid’s novel, Changez, a hopeful, educatedRead MoreAn Essay About The Immigrants Struggle Of A New World1472 Words   |  6 Pagesis quite possible that your former countryman have settled in the same state or region that you have also settled in. It is the country of borders. This is increasingly evident in the in the stories of Lucy by Jamaica Kincaid and â€Å"Las Vegas Charley† by Hisaye Yamamoto. Our protagonists in Lucy and â€Å"Las Vegas Charley† ultimately change in their beliefs and their lifestyles through influences and actions of the individuals around them. In the case of Charley and his son Noriyuki, Noriyuki actuallyRead MoreJamaica Kincaids Lucy1762 Words   |  8 PagesJamaica Kincaid’s Lucy Coming of age is a popular topic for many fiction novels. Jamaica Kincaid is an author that excels at her craft. She envelops you in the plot, making you feel as if you yourself are a part of the tale. Lucy portrays the life of a young woman beginning her quest for freedom. Kincaid usually focuses on the West Indian culture and Lucy is no different. As Lucy finds her way in new surroundings, she meets friends and copes with personal issues in her life. Her determinationRead MoreAnalysis of Jamaica Kincaids Lucy and Edwidge Danticats The Farming of Bones1744 Words   |  7 PagesDanticat and Kincaid Every single culture is a unique social creation wherein the population of a given location has worked together for years to develop attitudes, perceptions, artistic and aesthetic interests, and ideologies which will be individual to the culture. It will also develop important attitudes about which groups within the cultural community will comprise the majority and which the minority. Those in the majority culture will have the power and those in the minority will have to abideRead MoreLucy By Jamaica Lucy Analysis1282 Words   |  6 Pages In the novel Lucy by Jamaica Kincaid, many postcolonial concerns are present within its context. A prominent concern is foreignness and Lucy’s inability to create an identity through her alienated presence. Through the use of stereotyping, Lucy is immediately disappointed in her new home. Lucy theorizes that the world of the colonized and the colonizer are conflicting. The protagonist is â€Å"unhappy,† with her displacement in th e colonial stronghold of North America (7). In Lucy, a migrant teenageRead MoreBaldwin s Views On Personal Liberation1731 Words   |  7 Pagesresponsibility of the artist to guide the others, the non-artists, toward the path that will lead them to liberation. Like Baldwin does in his stories, Jamaica Kincaid also makes her beliefs known in her novel, Lucy. Through most of the story, Kincaid seems to believe that personal liberation is a difficult thing to achieve. While the titular character Lucy is shown to be very independent and opinionated, she also has an undeniably strong connection to her past, a connection that she spends much of theRead MoreIndividual Subjectivity And The Question Of Selfhood Essay2046 Words   |  9 Pagesstruggled to find its own identity. This search for selfhood is most evident in the work Lucy by Jamaica Kincaid. In this text, Lucy, a young woman from the Caribbean, moves to America to work as an au pair for a rich couple, Lewis and Mariah. However, she has not moved here for the money alone. Instead, Lucy is trying to escape her Caribbean roots and find a new identity in North America. To what extent, then, is Lucy able to change her selfhood? How malleable is a person’s individual subjectivity?

Up the Down Staircase free essay sample

The text under consideration with a very unusual and remarkable title â€Å"Up the Down Staircase† is one of the best novels of our time was written by Bel Kaufman, an American author. She worked as a teacher of the English language and literature in a New York high school for 15 years. â€Å"Up the Down Staircase† is her first semi-autobiographical novel about an idealistic young English teacher, who is really excited about her future work with children at school. But as it turns out, it’s not so easy to confront severe realities which do not coincide with her expectations. The given extract describes the experiences of a young high school teacher Sylvia Barret who is dissatisfied with the system of education, but nevertheless, she tries to cope with all those problems and handicaps in children upbringing and acts her own way. She finds her own techniques of teaching. But does she succeed in it? Or is she supported by her colleagues? Or may be she is the only who is worried about these difficulties. We will write a custom essay sample on Up the Down Staircase or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In this text the author does not give her own answers on these and other questions giving this opportunity to the readears. It is a first person narration where the author thoroughly describes her colleagues, students and the general atmosphere at school. Through the whole text we feel author’s believes in finding the way to change the state situation. In order to underline it she uses the phrase â€Å"hitch your wagon to a star† and we, readers of these lines want to believe that she will be able aspire such indifferent and apathetic people . She is considered a very creative person as she offers her pupils different types of class work completely non-typical for the school she works at; Children are proposed to listen to Shakespeare’s sonnet or discuss a very contradictive statements. Strange as it may seem but she succeeds in it. But the problem is that it bothers just her. And speaking names in this story such as Mr. Winters that, on the one hand, shows his indifference and apathy. He got used to work there without any changes, and, on the other hand, this name reflects that he is severe and strict. Another speaking name is Mr. Bester. His name is formed by adding the suffix â€Å"er† to the superlative degree â€Å"best† that means that he is better than the best. The story presented in a form of a letter begins with a personal greeting, where the author uses the enumeration â€Å"I can wash a blouse, think a thought, write a letter† is used here to underline that Saturday is the only day that can be spent by the main character. The general congratulation on the baby’s new tooth and her speculations about her future is a mark of her positive attitude towards her friend that is underlined by epiphora used in these sentences: â€Å"Though I hope that by the time she gets into the public high school system, things will be different. A t least, they keep promising that things will be different †. Describing the kids she uses the antithesis â€Å"physically mature – poor intellect†, which means that the pupils are hard to teach. Describing her experience of teaching without a book she shows the dynamics of the discussion and the pupils’ excitement as a reaction to the problem touched, so the author employs repetitions and parallel constructions: â€Å"no, no some said†¦no, no, others cried†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , and the most precious reward for her efforts is the â€Å"groan† of children. Speaking about one of the obstacles in the way of teacher, she uses the metonymy â€Å"Admiral Ass†, that nickname is derived from his signature, but it is also a symbolic one – ass is the synonym of the donkey and describes someone dumb or thick, and admiral means that he is proud of his post. Speaking about the division of the teachers to the good ones and the bad ones she says that one of them â€Å"work their magic in the classroom† and others â€Å"find in the school system an excuse or a refuge†. The title Up the Down Staircase just indicates it. According to Sylvia’s ranking system some teachers are best or â€Å"up† and others are not or â€Å"down†.. In conclusion, I should say that Up the Down Staircase is the enlightening story about an idealistic teacher who doesn’t surrender herself to a sense of apathy in spite all difficulties she confronts. Bel Kaufman shows her strong ambition to fight against established habits and find the right way of good teaching.

Michael Jackson Essays (1873 words) - Michael Jackson, The Jackson 5

Michael Jackson Artists have a special communion with the creative forces of the universe. Regardless of the medium of expression used, artists utilize creative energies to produce works of art, beauty and power for humanity to witness. This is evident in paintings, sculptures, films and other forms, but it is universally expressed and appreciated through music and dance. When an artist focuses on both of these forms, the rhythm flows from his heart to the rest of his body until he becomes the rhythm itself. This can be seen in the life of Michael Jackson. His forms of creative expression cannot be confined to categories, styles, or mediums. He is his own art, and messages are his mediums. Great artists are not exempt from the slings and arrows of fortune, and Michael Jackson is no exception. Fame and popularity have prices one must pay, and to maintain the glitter of glamour, one must compete for the limelight. Despite his infamy, Michael Jackson continues to attract audiences and impart inspiring messages through his music. Katherine and Joe Jackson were married on November 5, 1940, under the Jehovah's Witness faith, They soon began to raise their family in a quiet little city called Gary, Indiana. Nine years later, their seventh son, Michael Joseph, was born on the 29th of August. Being musically inclined, Katherine and Joe shared their talents among their nine children. The Jackson children soon began to sing at the church choir and perform at school programs and town pageants. Michael, who began studying at Garnett Elementary School already was winning various talents contests at the age of five. A few months later, his older brothers formed a band and decided to entere various talent searches and amateur contests. It was only a few years later that Michael joined his brothers to form The Jackson Five. Joe Jackson arranged for The Jackson Five to perform at small clubhouses for a few bucks a night. Their talents did not go unnoticed. After being discovered, The Jackson Five released their first single in 1968. In that same year, they released their second single. Due to its success, they performed in the same shows as The Supremes, James Brown and Sammy Davis, Jr. After a number of performances, The Jackson Five signed a contract with Motown Records. I Want You Back / Who's Loving You, their debut single with Motown, sold two million copies in six weeks and earned them their first gold record. As a result, The Jackson Five was invited to appear on various television shows such as The Ed Sullivan Show, The Johnny Carson Show, The Sonny and Cher Show and Soul Train. In 1970, The Jackson Five released their first long playing album, Diana Ross Presents the Jackson Five. This album topped the charts in both England and America. In the mid-seventies, The Jackson Five Show aired on telev ision and their albums continued to earn gold records. Wanting to have his own career, Michael Jackson left his brothers and began recording on his own. Having been the front man for The Jackson Five for many years, Jackson's separation from the group caused their album and concert sales to decline. Michael's first solo album, Off the Wall, turned out to be a success along with the singles She's Out of My Life and Rock with You. Off the Wall broke records and sold twelve million copies worldwide. Jackson continued to outdo himself with the victory of his following albums: Thriller, Bad, Dangerous, HIStory Past, Present and Future Book I and Blood on the Dance Floor. Michael Jackson's success has not only generated more contracts and more popularity, but also a number of world records, awards and accomplishments that no individual recording artist has ever received all together. In February 1981, the single Thriller remained on the Top Ten charts for two straight weeks. It is the first single to reach this position ever since John Lennon's Imagine in 1971. In 1983, Michael Jackson received his first award from the Guinness Book of World Records in London. The album Thriller is the most successful album to date and has sold over forty-two million copies worldwide. The album has earned one hundred forty gold and platinum records. In 1984,